NOTE 2 —Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue primarily from the sale of products, which are primarily mobile phones, tablets, and related accessories, and the majority of the Company’s contracts include only one performance obligation, namely the delivery of product. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is defined as the unit of account for revenue recognition under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company also recognizes revenue from other contracts that may include a combination of products and non-recurring engineering (NRE) services or from the provision of solely NRE services. Where there is a combination of products and NRE services, the Company accounts for the promises as individual performance obligations if they are concluded as distinct. Performance obligations are considered distinct if they are both capable of being identified and distinct within the context of the contract. In determining whether performance obligations meet the criteria for being distinct, the Company considers a number of factors, such as the degree of interrelation and interdependence between obligations, and whether or not the good or service significantly modifies or transforms another good or service in the contract. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company did not have any contracts in which the products and NRE services were concluded to be a single performance obligation. In certain cases, the Company may offer tiered pricing based on volumes purchased for specific products. To date, all tiered pricing provisions have fallen into observable ranges of pricing to existing customers, thus, not resulting in any material right which could be concluded as its own performance obligation. In addition, the Company does not offer material post-contract support services to its customers.

Net revenue for an individual contract is recognized at the related transaction price, which is the amount the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring the goods and/or services. The transaction price for product sales is calculated as the product selling price, net of variable consideration, which may include estimates for marketing development funds, sales incentives, and price protection and stock rotation rights. The Company records reductions to net revenues related to future product returns based on the Company’s expectations and historical experience. Typically, variable consideration does not need to be constrained as estimates are based on specific contract terms. However, the Company continues to assess variable consideration estimates such that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur. The transaction price for a contract with multiple performance obligations is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Standalone selling prices for products are determined based on the prices charged to customers, which are directly observable. Standalone selling price of the professional services are mostly based on time and materials. The Company determines its estimates of variable consideration based on historical collection experience with similar payor classes, aged accounts receivable by payor class, terms of payment agreements, correspondence from payors related to revenue audits or reviews, the Company’s historical settlement activity of audited and reviewed claims and current economic conditions using the portfolio approach. Revenue is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the cumulative amount recognized will not occur in future periods.

Revenue is then recognized for each distinct performance obligation as control is transferred to the customer. Revenue attributable to hardware is recognized at the time control of the product transfers to the customer. Control is generally transferred when the Company has a present right to payment and title and the significant risks and rewards of ownership of products or services are transferred to its customers. For most of the Company’s revenue attributable to hardware, control transfers when products are shipped. Revenue attributable to professional services is recognized as the Company performs the professional services for the customer.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table presents the Company’s net revenue disaggregated by product category:

 Schedule of Net Revenue Disaggregate by Product Category

Shipping and handling costs

The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill the promise to transfer the associated products.

SONIM TECHNOLOGIES, INC

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

(In thousands of U.S. dollars except share and per share amounts or as otherwise disclosed)

Contract costs

Applying the practical expedient, the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred when the amortization period of the assets that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in sales and marketing expenses.

The non-recurring costs associated with design and development of new products for technical approval represent costs to fulfill a contract pursuant to ASC 340-40 Other Assets and Deferred Costs. Accordingly, the Company capitalizes these contract fulfillment costs and amortizes such costs over the estimated period of time over which they are expected to be recovered, which is typically 4 years, the estimated life of a particular model phone. As of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the total net contract fulfillment assets were $7,884 and $6,848, respectively.

Contract balances

The Company records accounts receivable when it has an unconditional right to consideration. Contract liabilities are recorded when cash payments are received or due in advance of performance. Contract liabilities consist of advance payments and deferred revenue, where the Company has unsatisfied performance obligations. Contract liabilities are presented as a component of deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the contract liabilities were $11 and $31, respectively.